{ "name": "Control & Capital Provenance", "scope_note": "Canonical path for the Control & Capital Provenance feed (renamed from /api/v1/supply-chain-alignment.json at v2.131.0; old path 301-redirects here). Factual control & capital map: controlling equity sphere, pending control changes, financing layer, and partial offtake orientation. NOT a geopolitical scorecard.", "feed_version": "v2.131.0", "as_of": "2026-06-28", "headline": "Factual control & capital map across the bankability roster: controlling equity sphere, pending control changes, financing layer, and (partial) offtake orientation. Each dimension is reported separately and never inferred.", "dimensions": { "control_sphere": "Nationality of the controlling equity bloc / operator: Western | Chinese | African | Co-controlled. Derived from multi-source verification.", "deal_status": "stable | acquisition-pending. 'acquisition-pending' = current control is X but a change-of-control transaction is announced and not closed (regulatory/court/shareholder approvals outstanding).", "financing_layer": "Notable non-equity capital structure where material (e.g. continental-DFI debt).", "offtake_orientation": "Where the concentrate/product is contracted to flow (Chinese | Western-oriented | Mixed | Domestic | Absent). PARTIAL: populated only where a Sourced/Derived basis exists; Absent otherwise." }, "control_threshold_rule": "Control-sphere = the sphere of the largest controlling equity bloc AND/OR the operator. A single foreign stake below ~25% and non-operating is recorded as a FINANCING/COMMERCIAL TIE, not control (e.g. Zijin 9.9% at Kone). Roughly co-equal stakes (each ~35-50%) are recorded as 'Co-controlled' and NOT assigned to one sphere (e.g. Kamoa: Ivanhoe 39.6% operator / Zijin 39.6%). EPC, financing and offtake ties are tracked in their own dimensions, never folded into control-sphere.", "coi_screen": "DRC/Rwanda/conflict-minerals assets are recorded as ownership-FACT only (no editorial). Manono & Kipushi (DRC) held Absent on this axis under the consular-COI line; Kamoa/Tenke carry factual ownership only.", "caveats": { "roster_survivorship": "This roster is built from public CRIRSCO-family economic studies. Operators that do not publish Western-standard technical reports (notably many Chinese SOEs and private operators) are under-represented. The Western share of this roster therefore partly reflects DISCLOSURE CULTURE, not the true control distribution of all African mining. Do not read the Western % as the universe-wide control split.", "offtake_partial": "Offtake orientation is mapped for a minority of assets only; 'Absent' means not-yet-verified, NOT Western. For several Western-CONTROLLED assets the verified offtake is Chinese (control and offtake are independent dimensions).", "coverage": "'90/94' coverage excludes Manono & Kipushi (DRC, COI) — among the most consequential Chinese-exposure cases. Coverage % is of the bankability roster, not of African mining." }, "counts_by_control_sphere": { "Co-controlled": 1, "Western": 75, "Chinese": 10, "African": 5 }, "counts_by_deal_status": { "stable": 89, "acquisition-pending": 2 }, "counts_by_offtake_orientation": { "Absent": 81, "Western-oriented": 3, "Chinese": 5, "Mixed": 2 }, "financing_layer_flagged": 1, "classified": 91, "roster_total": 94, "unclassified_absent": 3, "buckets": { "Co-controlled": [ { "id": "kamoa-kakula", "name": "Kamoa-Kakula", "commodity": "Cu", "country": "DRC", "control_basis": "Ivanhoe Mines 39.6% (operator/manager, Canadian) and Zijin 39.6% (Chinese) hold co-equal direct stakes; Crystal River 0.8%; Gecamines (DRC state) 20%. Co-controlled under the stated threshold rule (co-equal stakes, Western operator). HONEST CAVEAT (2nd hostile audit): Chinese exposure is LAYERED, not a clean 39.6% — Zijin (and CITIC Metal) are also major shareholders of Ivanhoe the parent, so the effective Chinese economic interest exceeds the direct 39.6% and arguably rivals the Western. \"Co-controlled\" is the operator-and-cap-table reading; a supply-chain reading would weight it more Chinese. DRC ownership-fact only — no editorial.", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" } ], "Western": [ { "id": "kabanga-ni", "name": "Kabanga", "commodity": "Ni-Cu-Co", "country": "Tanzania", "control_basis": "Lifezone Metals (Western; NYSE); US DFC DD complete Q1-2026, EXIM/JOGMEC engaged, SocGen-led PF", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Western-oriented" }, { "id": "ewoyaa", "name": "Ewoyaa", "commodity": "Li", "country": "Ghana", "control_basis": "Huayou Cobalt (Chinese) moving toward ~87% control if pending deals close (NOT yet closed); replaces Elevra funding", "deal_status": "acquisition-pending", "offtake": "Chinese" }, { "id": "kasiya", "name": "Kasiya", "commodity": "rutile+graphite", "country": "Malawi", "control_basis": "Sovereign Metals (ASX/AIM) + Rio Tinto 19.9% strategic stake; Traxys MoU under US Project Vault; World Bank / Japan-corridor backing", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Western-oriented" }, { "id": "lindi-jumbo", "name": "Lindi Jumbo", "commodity": "graphite", "country": "Tanzania", "control_basis": "Walkabout Resources (ASX:WKT; Australian) — control Western; Wogen Pacific (HK/China) offtake/distribution (not control)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "motheo", "name": "Motheo", "commodity": "Cu", "country": "Botswana", "control_basis": "Sandfire Resources (ASX; Australian)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "balama-graphite", "name": "Balama", "commodity": "graphite", "country": "Mozambique", "control_basis": "Syrah Resources (ASX; AustralianSuper-backed) — US DFC US$150m loan + DFC strategic-equity pathway; POSCO Future M offtake; ex-China sales", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Western-oriented" }, { "id": "kone", "name": "Koné", "commodity": "Au", "country": "Côte d'Ivoire", "control_basis": "Montage Gold (Vancouver/Canadian; Lundin group) controls the Koné project. Zijin (Chinese) holds 9.9% equity in Montage + US$125m project funding ($50m loan + $75m gold stream) — deal deliberately structured below 10% to avoid Investment Canada Act national-security review. Minority financing tie, NOT control.", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "doropo", "name": "Doropo", "commodity": "Au", "country": "Côte d'Ivoire", "control_basis": "Resolute Mining (LSE/ASX:RSG)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "assafou", "name": "Assafou", "commodity": "Au", "country": "Côte d'Ivoire", "control_basis": "Endeavour Mining (LSE/TSX:EDV)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "nyanzaga", "name": "Nyanzaga", "commodity": "Au", "country": "Tanzania", "control_basis": "Perseus Mining (ASX/TSX:PRU)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "kokoseb", "name": "Kokoseb", "commodity": "Au", "country": "Namibia", "control_basis": "Wia Gold (ASX) 80% / Epangelo (Namibia state) 20%", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "kiniero", "name": "Kiniero", "commodity": "Au", "country": "Guinea", "control_basis": "Robex Resources (CVE:RBX/ASX:RXR; Canadian)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "kalana", "name": "Kalana", "commodity": "Au", "country": "Mali", "control_basis": "Endeavour Mining (LSE/TSX:EDV)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "kansanshi", "name": "Kansanshi", "commodity": "Cu", "country": "Zambia", "control_basis": "First Quantum Minerals (Canadian)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "sentinel", "name": "Sentinel", "commodity": "Cu", "country": "Zambia", "control_basis": "First Quantum Minerals (Canadian)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "obuasi", "name": "Obuasi", "commodity": "Au", "country": "Ghana", "control_basis": "AngloGold Ashanti (NYSE/London; Western)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "sukari-au", "name": "Sukari", "commodity": "Au", "country": "Egypt", "control_basis": "AngloGold Ashanti (NYSE/London; Western) — acquired via Centamin, completion 22-Nov-2024; Sukari now an AngloGold Tier-1 asset", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "south-deep", "name": "South Deep", "commodity": "Au", "country": "South Africa", "control_basis": "Gold Fields (JSE/NYSE; South African major)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "venetia", "name": "Venetia", "commodity": "Diamonds", "country": "South Africa", "control_basis": "De Beers / Anglo American (85%) + Botswana govt (15%); Anglo American is divesting its De Beers stake (Botswana/Gulf interest) — Western currently", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "kurmuk", "name": "Kurmuk", "commodity": "Au", "country": "Ethiopia", "control_basis": "Allied Gold under Zijin (Chinese) C$5.5bn takeover (pending; outside date 29-Jul-2026; not yet closed)", "deal_status": "acquisition-pending", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "songwe-hill", "name": "Songwe Hill", "commodity": "REE (NdPr)", "country": "Malawi", "control_basis": "Mkango Resources (Canadian; TSXV/AIM) — EU Critical-Raw-Materials \"Strategic Project\"; US DFC ($4.6m + potential $100m); merging into a non-Chinese REE supply entity", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "mahenge", "name": "Mahenge", "commodity": "graphite", "country": "Tanzania", "control_basis": "Black Rock Mining (ASX); POSCO (Korea) offtake/investment", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Mixed" }, { "id": "banio-potash", "name": "Banio", "commodity": "Potash (MOP)", "country": "Gabon", "control_basis": "Millennial Potash Corp (TSXV:MLP; Canadian)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "kobada", "name": "Kobada", "commodity": "Au", "country": "Mali", "control_basis": "Toubani Resources (ASX:TRE; Australian); State of Mali interest capped at 35% (2023 Mining Code)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "kiaka", "name": "Kiaka", "commodity": "Au", "country": "Burkina Faso", "control_basis": "West African Resources (ASX:WAF; Australian); Burkina govt 15% FCI, proposal to lift to 50% under review", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "etango", "name": "Etango", "commodity": "U3O8", "country": "Namibia", "control_basis": "Bannerman Energy (ASX:BMN; Australian/Western) 100% (2011 Sichuan Hanlong takeover bid did NOT proceed)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "tumas", "name": "Tumas", "commodity": "U3O8", "country": "Namibia", "control_basis": "Deep Yellow (ASX:DYL; Australian/Western) via Reptile Mineral Resources", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "sanankoro", "name": "Sanankoro", "commodity": "Au", "country": "Mali", "control_basis": "Cora Gold (LSE/AIM:CORA; UK)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "makuutu", "name": "Makuutu", "commodity": "REE (HREE)", "country": "Uganda", "control_basis": "Ionic Rare Earths (ASX; Australian) — in Minerals Security Partnership (US/DE/FR/JP) talks; historical Chinalco development MoU (not control)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "kangankunde", "name": "Kangankunde", "commodity": "REE (NdPr)", "country": "Malawi", "control_basis": "Lindian Resources (ASX); Iluka Resources offtake", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "epanko", "name": "Epanko", "commodity": "graphite", "country": "Tanzania", "control_basis": "EcoGraf (ASX); POSCO offtake + Australian-govt loan", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "molo", "name": "Molo", "commodity": "graphite", "country": "Madagascar", "control_basis": "NextSource Materials (TSX:NEXT; Canadian); thyssenkrupp + Japanese-trader offtakes; ships to US/Germany", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "chilalo", "name": "Chilalo", "commodity": "graphite", "country": "Tanzania", "control_basis": "Evolution Energy Minerals (ASX; subsidiary of Marvel Gold; Australian) — control Western; Chinese offtake/processing-JV with Yichang Xincheng (not control)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Chinese" }, { "id": "lofdal", "name": "Lofdal", "commodity": "REE (HREE: Dy/Tb/Y)", "country": "Namibia", "control_basis": "Namibia Critical Metals (Canadian; TSXV) + JOGMEC (Japan state, 50% earn-in) + Toyota Tsusho", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "dasa", "name": "Dasa", "commodity": "U3O8", "country": "Niger", "control_basis": "Global Atomic Corp (TSX:GLO; Canadian/Western) 80% / Niger govt 20%", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "bankan", "name": "Bankan", "commodity": "Au", "country": "Guinea", "control_basis": "Predictive Discovery (ASX:PDI); subject to acquisition by Robex Resources (CVE:RBX/ASX:RXR; Canadian) — Perseus bid lapsed", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "lafigue", "name": "Lafigué (Fetekro)", "commodity": "Au", "country": "Côte d'Ivoire", "control_basis": "Endeavour Mining (LSE/TSX:EDV; Western)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "kipushi", "name": "Kipushi", "commodity": "Zn", "country": "DRC", "control_basis": "Ivanhoe Mines (Vancouver/Canadian, TSX:IVN; operator) holds 62% via wholly-owned Kipushi Holding; Gecamines (DRC state) 38% (contractually rising to 43% in 2027; long-term path to 80% after a defined production threshold). Ivanhoe is the controlling operator. Note: Ivanhoe’s PARENT carries Chinese minority shareholders (CITIC Metal, Zijin) — they are NOT direct Kipushi holders. DRC ownership-fact only — no editorial.", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Mixed" }, { "id": "platreef", "name": "Platreef", "commodity": "PGM", "country": "South Africa", "control_basis": "Ivanhoe Mines (TSX; Canadian) controls; Japanese consortium (JOGMEC/Hanwa) minority", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "kola-potash", "name": "Kola", "commodity": "Potash (MOP)", "country": "Republic of Congo", "control_basis": "Kore Potash (ASX/AIM/JSE) owner — control Western-listed; PowerChina EPC + Summit Africa/UAE financing (contractor/financing, not control)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "seguela", "name": "Séguéla", "commodity": "Au", "country": "Côte d'Ivoire", "control_basis": "Fortuna Mining Corp (TSX:FVI/NYSE:FSM; Canadian)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "sanbrado", "name": "Sanbrado", "commodity": "Au", "country": "Burkina Faso", "control_basis": "West African Resources (ASX:WAF; Australian)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "bombore", "name": "Bomboré", "commodity": "Au", "country": "Burkina Faso", "control_basis": "Orezone Gold (TSX/ASX:ORE; Canadian)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "waterberg", "name": "Waterberg", "commodity": "PGM", "country": "South Africa", "control_basis": "Platinum Group Metals (PTM:TSX/PLG:NYSE-A; Canadian) operator; JOGMEC/Hanwa (Japan) + Implats (SA) partners", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "toliara", "name": "Toliara (Vara Mada)", "commodity": "Mineral sands (Ti/Zr/REE)", "country": "Madagascar", "control_basis": "Energy Fuels (NYSE:UUUU/TSX:EFR; US) — 100% via Base Resources (acq Oct-2024); conditional US-govt support; monazite to US White Mesa mill", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "phalaborwa", "name": "Phalaborwa", "commodity": "REE (NdPr+HREE)", "country": "South Africa", "control_basis": "Rainbow Rare Earths (London/AIM) — US DFC/DoD strategic support", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "asanko", "name": "Asanko (AGM)", "commodity": "Au", "country": "Ghana", "control_basis": "Galiano Gold (TSX/NYSE-A:GAU; Canadian) — took 100% Dec-2023; Gold Fields fully exited Sept-2025", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "wassa", "name": "Wassa", "commodity": "Au", "country": "Ghana", "control_basis": "Galiano Gold (TSX/NYSE-A:GAU; Canadian)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "sabodala-massawa", "name": "Sabodala-Massawa (BIOX Expansion)", "commodity": "Au", "country": "Senegal", "control_basis": "Endeavour Mining (LSE/TSX:EDV; Western)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "karowe", "name": "Karowe (Underground Project)", "commodity": "Diamonds", "country": "Botswana", "control_basis": "Lucara Diamond (TSX:LUC; Canadian)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "bibiani", "name": "Bibiani (Underground)", "commodity": "Au", "country": "Ghana", "control_basis": "Asante Gold (CSE:ASE/Frankfurt/GSE-listed; Vancouver-HQ) 90%, Ghana govt 10% free carry; financing Appian Capital (UK PE) + Kinross (Canadian, ~5-13% minority). Resolutes 2020 sale to China Chifeng was TERMINATED — Asante (Western) acquired instead", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "haib", "name": "Haib", "commodity": "Cu", "country": "Namibia", "control_basis": "Koryx Copper (Canadian; SEDAR+) — 100%, PEA-stage", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "douta", "name": "Douta", "commodity": "Au", "country": "Senegal", "control_basis": "Thor Explorations (AIM/TSXV; \"ThorEx\")", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "segilola", "name": "Segilola", "commodity": "Au", "country": "Nigeria", "control_basis": "Thor Explorations (AIM/TSXV; \"ThorEx\")", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "bekisopa", "name": "Bekisopa", "commodity": "Iron ore", "country": "Madagascar", "control_basis": "Akora Resources (ASX:AKO; Australian)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "khill", "name": "K.Hill", "commodity": "Mn (battery-grade)", "country": "Botswana", "control_basis": "Giyani Metals (TSXV; Canadian)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "baniaka", "name": "Baniaka", "commodity": "Iron ore", "country": "Gabon", "control_basis": "Genmin (ASX:GEN; Australian) 100% — control Western; Sinohydro (Chinese) binding-MoU EPC + >$250m financing arranger (Genmin diversifying funding beyond China via Oval Advisory)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "bunyu", "name": "Bunyu (Stage 1)", "commodity": "graphite", "country": "Tanzania", "control_basis": "Volt Resources (ASX)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "nachu", "name": "Nachu", "commodity": "graphite", "country": "Tanzania", "control_basis": "Magnis Energy/Resources (ASX; Australian)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "farim", "name": "Farim", "commodity": "phosphate", "country": "Guinea-Bissau", "control_basis": "Itafos (TSXV:IFOS; Houston-HQ, Western-listed)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "steelpoortdrift", "name": "Steelpoortdrift", "commodity": "Vanadium (V2O5)", "country": "South Africa", "control_basis": "Vanadium Resources Ltd (ASX:VR8) 86.49% of VanRes — control Western/ASX. Chinese group appointed EPC (Sept-2024); funding/offtake/strategic-equity for FID still open", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "kayelekera", "name": "Kayelekera", "commodity": "Uranium (U3O8)", "country": "Malawi", "control_basis": "Lotus Resources (ASX:LOT; Australian/Western); Malawi govt 15%; producing since Sept-2025", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "kandiole", "name": "Kandiolé", "commodity": "Au", "country": "Mali", "control_basis": "Roscan Gold (TSXV; Canadian)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "smsz", "name": "SMSZ (Barani–Gourbassi)", "commodity": "Au", "country": "Mali", "control_basis": "Desert Gold Ventures (TSXV; Canadian)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "diamba-sud", "name": "Diamba Sud", "commodity": "Au", "country": "Senegal", "control_basis": "Fortuna Mining Corp (TSX:FVI/NYSE:FSM; Canadian) — acquired via Chesser Resources Sept-2023", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "tiris", "name": "Tiris", "commodity": "U3O8 (uranium)", "country": "Mauritania", "control_basis": "Aura Energy (ASX/AIM; Australian/Western)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "bilboes", "name": "Bilboes", "commodity": "Au (gold)", "country": "Zimbabwe", "control_basis": "Caledonia Mining (NYSE-A/AIM/VFEX:CMCL; Jersey-incorporated) — 100%, acquired Bilboes Gold Jan-2023; FS Nov-2025", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "boumadine", "name": "Boumadine", "commodity": "AuEq (gold-silver-zinc-lead polymetallic)", "country": "Morocco", "control_basis": "Aya Gold & Silver (TSX:AYA; Canadian) — Morocco polymetallic, PEA(Nov-2025)->FS", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "orom-cross", "name": "Orom-Cross", "commodity": "Graphite", "country": "Uganda", "control_basis": "Blencowe Resources (LSE:BRES); explicit non-China graphite supply-chain positioning (USPG/expandables to Western markets)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "theta-tgme", "name": "TGME (Transvaal Gold Mining Estates)", "commodity": "Gold", "country": "South Africa", "control_basis": "Theta Gold (ASX:TGM) controlled; PowerChina is EPC contractor only (not equity control)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "enchi", "name": "Enchi", "commodity": "Gold", "country": "Ghana", "control_basis": "Newcore Gold (TSX-V:NCAU)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "muntanga", "name": "Muntanga", "commodity": "Uranium", "country": "Zambia", "control_basis": "GoviEx Uranium (TSXV:GXU) 100%", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "boundiali", "name": "Boundiali", "commodity": "Gold", "country": "Côte d'Ivoire", "control_basis": "Aurum (ASX:AUE) with Perseus cornerstone; Zhaojin minority (minority holding; control with Aurum/Perseus as stated)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "afema", "name": "Afema", "commodity": "Gold", "country": "Côte d'Ivoire", "control_basis": "Turaco Gold (ASX:TCG) 80%", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" } ], "Chinese": [ { "id": "goulamina", "name": "Goulamina", "commodity": "Li", "country": "Mali", "control_basis": "Ganfeng Lithium (Chinese) controls Goulamina", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Chinese" }, { "id": "twin-hills", "name": "Twin Hills", "commodity": "Au", "country": "Namibia", "control_basis": "Shanjin International Gold (Chinese; acquired Osino Resources)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "abujar", "name": "Abujar", "commodity": "Au", "country": "Côte d'Ivoire", "control_basis": "Tietto Minerals acquired by Zhaojin Mining (Chinese; SEHK:1818, JV of Zhaojin Group + Fosun International) — completed 14-May-2024; Zhaojin holds ~88% of Abujar", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "ngualla-ree", "name": "Ngualla REE", "commodity": "REE", "country": "Tanzania", "control_basis": "Shenghe Resources (Chinese) owns 100% of Peak Rare Earths (completed Sept/Oct 2025)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Chinese" }, { "id": "colluli-potash", "name": "Colluli", "commodity": "Potash (SOP)", "country": "Eritrea", "control_basis": "SRBG (Chinese SOE) + ENAMCO (Eritrea state)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "tenke-fungurume", "name": "Tenke Fungurume", "commodity": "Cu-Co", "country": "DRC", "control_basis": "CMOC (Chinese) operator", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "khoemacau-z5", "name": "Khoemacau Zone 5", "commodity": "Cu-Ag", "country": "Botswana", "control_basis": "Khoemacau acquired by MMG (China Minmetals-controlled) for US$1.88bn — completed 2024", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "namdini", "name": "Namdini", "commodity": "Au", "country": "Ghana", "control_basis": "Shandong Gold (Chinese state-owned, SASAC-supervised; SSE/HKSE) acquired Cardinal Resources in 2021 (outbidding Nordgold); controls/operates Namdini via majority-owned Cardinal Namdini Mining Ltd, with a China Railway Construction Group subsidiary partner; production from 2025. [Deal value omitted: reported figures vary across sources (~US$220M–US$400M); not independently reconcilable.]", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "bougouni", "name": "Bougouni", "commodity": "Li", "country": "Mali", "control_basis": "Hainan Mining / Fosun (Chinese) 51% control of KMUK (Kodal 49%)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Chinese" }, { "id": "ancuabe", "name": "Ancuabe", "commodity": "graphite", "country": "Mozambique", "control_basis": "Triton Minerals (ASX:TON) is Chinese-dominated at the company level: Jinan Hi-Tech Holding ~30.56% (largest shareholder), Shandong Yulong adding 12.42% via placement (second-largest), Shandong Tianye a substantial holder with a board nominee, and a Chinese executive chairman (Peng Zhang). Ancuabe graphite is Triton’s asset. [Corrected 2026-06-28: prior “~70% to Yulong / Triton retains 30%” framing was inaccurate.]", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" } ], "African": [ { "id": "baomahun", "name": "Baomahun", "commodity": "Au", "country": "Sierra Leone", "control_basis": "FG Gold (private); AFC + Afreximbank ~US$330m senior debt (financial close Dec-2025)", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "dugbe", "name": "Dugbe", "commodity": "Au", "country": "Liberia", "control_basis": "Mansa Resources (Dubai-registered holdco of Idrissa Nassa — Coris Bank / Nioko Resources, Burkinabe) acquired Pasofino Gold Feb-2026, taking full control of Dugbe; Orion Resource Partners (US) financial backer + board rep; CEO Sébastien de Montessus (French). Control African (Nassa) — same sphere as Kouroussa", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "boto", "name": "Boto", "commodity": "Au", "country": "Senegal", "control_basis": "Managem (Moroccan; Casablanca-listed; controlled by Al Mada / Moroccan royal holding) 90% — acquired from IAMGOLD 2023", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "kouroussa", "name": "Kouroussa", "commodity": "Au", "country": "Guinea", "control_basis": "Nioko Resources / Coris Bank (Idrissa Nassa; Burkinabe private commercial) — acquired Hummingbird Resources 2024", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" }, { "id": "tri-k", "name": "Tri-K", "commodity": "Au", "country": "Guinea", "control_basis": "Managem (Moroccan; Al Mada) — Tri-K was 67% of Managem 2024 gold output", "deal_status": "stable", "offtake": "Absent" } ] }, "quality_standard": "Three-State: control-sphere & offtake are Derived (multi-source) or Absent; upgrade to Sourced requires named primary filings. No dimension inferred without basis.", "unclassified_detail": { "manono-lithium-district": "DRC — operator COI data-layer line (no editorial/outreach); ALSO genuinely contested control (AVZ Minerals vs Zijin/CATH vs Cominière, live ICSID arbitration). Absent for cause.", "kanyika": "Control opaque — Globe Metals & Mining (ASX:GBE) holds 100% of Kanyika but Globe itself operates as a subsidiary of Apollo Metals Investment Co., Limited (nationality/beneficial ownership unconfirmed; historical East-China-Mineral-Exploration strategic-shareholder concern). Not classified without confirming parent nationality.", "minim-martap": "Control ambiguous — Canyon Resources' majority shareholder is Singapore-based (Eagle Eye); 'Asian capital' that is neither cleanly Western-DFI/ECA-channel nor PRC-state/SOE. Held rather than mis-bucketed." }, "audit_provenance": "Reframed 2026-06-28 following layer-1 hallucination check (3 corrections) + layer-2 hostile contrarian audit. Changes: axis renamed from supply-chain/national-security to neutral control & capital provenance; control/deal-status/financing dimensions separated; offtake dimension added; Kamoa reclassified Co-controlled under stated threshold rule; control-basis provenance downgraded Sourced->Derived; per-record verified_as_of added; survivorship/offtake/coverage caveats published. | v2.130.1 recheck-to-100%: offtake label inflation fixed (goulamina/ewoyaa/ngualla Sourced->Derived); mahenge offtake corrected Chinese->Mixed (POSCO/MSP primary, not China); lindi-jumbo offtake withdrawn to Absent (Wogen is UK, not Chinese); stale \"Western-vs-Chinese supply-chain layer\" prose neutralized on country-risk-overlay page. | v2.131.0: Kipushi classified Western (Ivanhoe 62% operator / Gecamines 38%) as factual DRC ownership under neutral reframe -> 91/94; Manono remains Absent (contested control, not COI); COI determination documented (coi_determination field).", "coi_determination": "Operator-directed editorial determination (per the operator's delegation; NOT legal advice, and not a platform self-clearance). The operator — Honorary Consul of Rwanda and chair of MUA Rwanda — directed the conservative neutral reframe and the factual-ownership treatment of DRC assets. Editorial position recorded: the neutral Control & Capital Provenance axis records ownership FACTS, not editorial opinion, geopolitical advocacy, or any national-security verdict; the prior 'national-security' framing was removed in v2.130.0. DRC/Rwanda assets carry ownership-fact only: Kamoa (Co-controlled), Tenke (Chinese), Kipushi (Western/Ivanhoe) classified factually; Manono held Absent due to genuinely contested control (litigation), not COI. The FORMAL conflict-of-interest position remains the operator's to confirm with legal counsel; this field is the editorial determination, not a legal opinion.", "western_count_caveat": "The Western control-sphere count INCLUDES 2 asset(s) subject to announced-but-unclosed Chinese acquisitions (ewoyaa, kurmuk) — currently Western-controlled, but classify by deal_status not control-sphere alone. If these close, the Western count falls and Chinese rises.", "offtake_surfacing_note": "Offtake orientation is recorded in the data/feed but is NOT surfaced as a flagship-screener badge while coverage is thin (~10 of 91), to avoid implying coverage that does not exist or letting badge-absence be misread as 'Western'. Offtake badges will surface in the UI once coverage is material. 'Absent' means unverified, never Western." }