{
 "resource": "Afrimintel — flagship-deposit mineral reserves & resources (operator technical reports, beyond the USGS country floor)",
 "feed_version": "v1.0",
 "dataset_version": "v2.137.63",
 "as_of": "2026-08-24",
 "publisher": "Afrimintel",
 "coverage": {
  "deposits": 80,
  "jurisdictions": 24,
  "operator_primary": 80,
  "secondary_of_operator": 0
 },
 "quality_contract": "Every figure Sourced to a named operator technical report (NI 43-101 / JORC / S-K 1300) or its dated compilation. operator-primary = from the company's own filing; secondary = a dated compilation of an operator estimate, flagged for primary re-capture. This feed is separate from country-reserves.json (USGS public-domain floor) by design.",
 "known_limits": "Reserve/resource vintages differ by operator; some flagship deposits (QMM ilmenite, Zimplats PGM, Kansanshi/Lumwana, Moma, Montepuez) are behind paywalled/robots-blocked operator PDFs and are pending primary capture; not exhaustive of every deposit in each country.",
 "deposits": [
  {
   "country": "uganda",
   "deposit": "Makuutu",
   "operator": "Ionic Rare Earths",
   "commodity": "Rare earths (TREO)",
   "category": "Resource (Ind+Inf)",
   "ore_tonnes": "617 Mt",
   "grade": "630 ppm TREO",
   "contained": "389 kt TREO",
   "classification": "JORC 2012",
   "report_title": "Makuutu Updated MRE",
   "report_date": "2024-05-15",
   "source_url": "https://ionicre.com/makuutu/",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "tanzania",
   "deposit": "Kabanga",
   "operator": "Lifezone Metals",
   "commodity": "Nickel (Ni-Cu-Co)",
   "category": "Resource (M+I)",
   "ore_tonnes": "43.6 Mt",
   "grade": "2.02% Ni",
   "contained": "881 kt Ni",
   "classification": "NI 43-101",
   "report_title": "Kabanga MRU",
   "report_date": "2023-11-30",
   "source_url": "https://s201.q4cdn.com/375092174/files/doc_news/2024/03/25/NR19-23-Kabanga-Nov-2023-MRU-FINAL2.pdf",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "ethiopia",
   "deposit": "Tulu Kapi",
   "operator": "KEFI Gold and Copper",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Reserve (Probable)",
   "ore_tonnes": "15.4 Mt",
   "grade": "2.12 g/t Au",
   "contained": "1.05 Moz",
   "classification": "JORC",
   "report_title": "Tulu Kapi Reserves",
   "report_date": "2015-04-22",
   "source_url": "https://www.kefi-goldandcopper.com/projects/ethiopia/tulu-kapi/resources-reserves",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "drc",
   "deposit": "Kamoa-Kakula",
   "operator": "Ivanhoe Mines / Zijin",
   "commodity": "Copper",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P)",
   "ore_tonnes": "466 Mt",
   "grade": "2.82% Cu",
   "contained": "13.1 Mt Cu",
   "classification": "NI 43-101",
   "report_title": "Kamoa-Kakula 2025 Mineral Reserve and Mineral Resource Estimate (updated independent study)",
   "report_date": "2026-03-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.ivanhoemines.com/news-stories/news-release/ivanhoe-mines-announces-updated-independent-study-results-for-the-kamoa-kakula-copper-complex/",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator",
   "effective_date": "2025-12-31",
   "restatement_note": "2025 Mineral Reserve reduced by 4.4 Mt contained copper (25%) vs the depleted 31 Dec 2024 estimate (prior ~17.5 Mt contained, Derived: 13.1 + 4.4). Indicated Resource 1,272 Mt @ 2.65% Cu recorded intact. Announced 31 Mar 2026, effective 31 Dec 2025."
  },
  {
   "country": "egypt",
   "deposit": "Sukari",
   "operator": "Centamin (AngloGold Ashanti)",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Proven+Probable",
   "ore_tonnes": "152.11 Mt",
   "grade": "0.97 g/t Au",
   "contained": "4.72 Moz Au (100%); 2.36 Moz attributable (50%)",
   "classification": "S-K 1300",
   "report_title": "Sukari Technical Report Summary (FY2025 20-F exhibit, EDGAR)",
   "report_date": "2025-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1973832/000197383226000062/sukaritechnicalreportsum.htm",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator",
   "note": "Updated to the 31 Dec 2025 statement (was 31 Dec 2024: 124.43 Mt @ 1.20 = 4.82 Moz); cross-checked against the AGA Q4/FY2025 results presentation."
  },
  {
   "country": "mauritania",
   "deposit": "Tasiast",
   "operator": "Kinross Gold",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Proven+Probable",
   "ore_tonnes": "102.765 Mt",
   "grade": "1.3 g/t Au",
   "contained": "4,401 koz Au",
   "classification": "NI 43-101 (CIM)",
   "report_title": "Kinross Annual Information Form FY2025 (EDGAR)",
   "report_date": "2025-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/701818/000110465926035268/kgc-20251231xex99d1.htm",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator",
   "note": "Updated to the 31 Dec 2025 statement (was 31 Dec 2024: 102.831 Mt @ 1.4 = 4,705 koz); reserve gold price raised US$1,600 -> US$2,000/oz."
  },
  {
   "country": "nigeria",
   "deposit": "Segilola",
   "operator": "Thor Explorations",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Reserve (Probable)",
   "ore_tonnes": "4.007 Mt",
   "grade": "4.02 g/t Au",
   "contained": "518 koz",
   "classification": "NI 43-101",
   "report_title": "Segilola reserve",
   "report_date": "2021-03-01",
   "source_url": "https://thorexpl.com/projects-operations/segilola-gold-project/",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "ghana",
   "deposit": "Tarkwa",
   "operator": "Gold Fields (90%)",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P)",
   "ore_tonnes": "216.2 Mt",
   "grade": "1.0 g/t Au",
   "contained": "6.617 Moz Au (100%); ~5.96 Moz attributable (90%)",
   "classification": "SAMREC 2016",
   "report_title": "Gold Fields Mineral Resources & Mineral Reserves Supplement to the Integrated Annual Report 2025 (Tarkwa, p.66) — out-of-cycle 2025 declaration",
   "report_date": "2025-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.goldfields.com/pdf/investors/integrated-annual-reports/2025/gold-fields-mrmr-2025-supplement.pdf",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator",
   "note": "Prior register carried 3.84 Moz (2024). Corrects the 7.4 Moz figure previously seen only via a secondary mirror: the primary 2025 declaration is 6.617 Moz (100%).",
   "cross_feed_note": "Cross-feed vintage divergence: the decision-layer feed (api/v1/deposits/tarkwa.json) carries 3.84 Moz P&P as at end-2024, predating Gold Fields' out-of-cycle 2025 declaration. This row is the newer 31-Dec-2025 figure (6.617 Moz, 100%). deposits.json is emitter-owned (desktop-gated) and pending update to FY2025 to unify the two public surfaces."
  },
  {
   "country": "ghana",
   "deposit": "Ahafo",
   "operator": "Newmont",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P)",
   "ore_tonnes": "147 Mt",
   "grade": "1.95 g/t Au",
   "contained": "9.2 Moz",
   "classification": "SEC S-K1300",
   "report_title": "Newmont 2024 Reserves",
   "report_date": "2024-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20250220938621/en/",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "ghana",
   "deposit": "Obuasi",
   "operator": "AngloGold Ashanti",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P)",
   "ore_tonnes": "19.25 Mt",
   "grade": "10.91 g/t Au",
   "contained": "6.75 Moz",
   "classification": "SEC",
   "report_title": "AngloGold Reserves 2024",
   "report_date": "2024-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1973832/000162828025014876/a2024_reservesandresources.pdf",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "sierra-leone",
   "deposit": "Sierra Rutile",
   "operator": "Sierra Rutile Ltd",
   "commodity": "Rutile (TiO2)",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P)",
   "ore_tonnes": "214.4 Mt",
   "grade": "1.44% rutile",
   "contained": "3,088 kt rutile",
   "classification": "JORC",
   "report_title": "2022 Resources & Reserves",
   "report_date": "2022-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://sierra-rutile.com/media/nqcbj0ij/srx-2022-resources-and-reserves-statement-final.pdf",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "guinea",
   "deposit": "Simandou (Ouéléba)",
   "operator": "Rio Tinto / Simfer",
   "commodity": "Iron ore",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P)",
   "ore_tonnes": "1,499 Mt",
   "grade": "65.3% Fe",
   "contained": "—",
   "classification": "JORC",
   "report_title": "Simandou MRMR",
   "report_date": "2023-12-06",
   "source_url": "https://minedocs.com/26/Simandou-MRMR-12062023.pdf",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "senegal",
   "deposit": "Sabodala-Massawa",
   "operator": "Endeavour Mining",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P)",
   "ore_tonnes": "42.8 Mt",
   "grade": "2.01 g/t Au",
   "contained": "2.77 Moz",
   "classification": "NI 43-101",
   "report_title": "Endeavour R&R",
   "report_date": "2025-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.endeavourmining.com/our-portfolio/sabodala-massawa-mine/",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "mali",
   "deposit": "Loulo-Gounkoto",
   "operator": "Barrick Mining",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P, 80% attrib.)",
   "ore_tonnes": "57 Mt",
   "grade": "4.00 g/t Au",
   "contained": "7.3 Moz",
   "classification": "SEC",
   "report_title": "Barrick 2024 Reserves",
   "report_date": "2024-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/02/06/3021879/0/en/",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "mali",
   "deposit": "Fekola",
   "operator": "B2Gold",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Reserve (Probable)",
   "ore_tonnes": "41 Mt",
   "grade": "1.65 g/t Au",
   "contained": "2.17 Moz",
   "classification": "SEC",
   "report_title": "B2Gold 2024 Reserve",
   "report_date": "2024-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1429937/000106299325006466/exhibit99-1.htm",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "niger",
   "deposit": "Dasa",
   "operator": "Global Atomic",
   "commodity": "Uranium (U3O8)",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P)",
   "ore_tonnes": "—",
   "grade": "—",
   "contained": "73 Mlb U3O8",
   "classification": "NI 43-101 FS",
   "report_title": "Dasa Updated FS",
   "report_date": "2024-03-01",
   "source_url": "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Updated-study-extends-Niger-mine-life",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "burkina-faso",
   "deposit": "Essakane",
   "operator": "IAMGOLD",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P)",
   "ore_tonnes": "57.08 Mt",
   "grade": "0.91 g/t Au",
   "contained": "1.676 Moz",
   "classification": "NI 43-101",
   "report_title": "IAMGOLD R&R 2025",
   "report_date": "2025-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1203464/000106299326001011/exhibit99-1.pdf",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "burkina-faso",
   "deposit": "Houndé",
   "operator": "Endeavour Mining",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P)",
   "ore_tonnes": "41.9 Mt",
   "grade": "1.41 g/t Au",
   "contained": "1.896 Moz",
   "classification": "NI 43-101",
   "report_title": "Endeavour R&R",
   "report_date": "2024-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.endeavourmining.com/our-portfolio/reserves-and-resources/",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "ivory-coast",
   "deposit": "Ity",
   "operator": "Endeavour Mining",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P)",
   "ore_tonnes": "76.9 Mt",
   "grade": "1.28 g/t Au",
   "contained": "3.177 Moz",
   "classification": "NI 43-101",
   "report_title": "Endeavour R&R",
   "report_date": "2024-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.endeavourmining.com/our-portfolio/reserves-and-resources/",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "ivory-coast",
   "deposit": "Lafigué",
   "operator": "Endeavour Mining",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P)",
   "ore_tonnes": "40.1 Mt",
   "grade": "1.49 g/t Au",
   "contained": "1.926 Moz",
   "classification": "NI 43-101",
   "report_title": "Endeavour R&R",
   "report_date": "2024-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.endeavourmining.com/our-portfolio/reserves-and-resources/",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "botswana",
   "deposit": "Khoemacau (Zone 5)",
   "operator": "Khoemacau / Cupric Canyon",
   "commodity": "Copper-Silver",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P)",
   "ore_tonnes": "34.0 Mt",
   "grade": "2.03% Cu",
   "contained": "—",
   "classification": "Competent Persons' Report",
   "report_title": "Zone 5 CPR",
   "report_date": "2021-06-01",
   "source_url": "https://minedocs.com/23/Khoemacau_Copper_Mining_CP_052022.pdf",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "zambia",
   "deposit": "Sentinel (Kalumbila)",
   "operator": "First Quantum Minerals",
   "commodity": "Copper",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P)",
   "ore_tonnes": "774.2 Mt",
   "grade": "0.50% Cu",
   "contained": "3.87 Mt Cu",
   "classification": "NI 43-101",
   "report_title": "FQM Sentinel R&R",
   "report_date": "2012-03-22",
   "source_url": "https://www.mining.com/first-quantum-minerals-provides-mineral-resource-and-reserve-estimates-for-its-sentinel-copper-project-zambia/",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "zimbabwe",
   "deposit": "Blanket",
   "operator": "Caledonia Mining",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P)",
   "ore_tonnes": "4.918 Mt",
   "grade": "3.29 g/t Au",
   "contained": "519 koz",
   "classification": "S-K 1300",
   "report_title": "Blanket R&R",
   "report_date": "2023-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.caledoniamining.com/operations/reserves-and-resources/",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "malawi",
   "deposit": "Kasiya",
   "operator": "Sovereign Metals",
   "commodity": "Rutile + Graphite",
   "category": "Resource (Ind+Inf)",
   "ore_tonnes": "1,809 Mt",
   "grade": "1.0% rutile",
   "contained": "17.9 Mt rutile; 24.4 Mt graphite",
   "classification": "JORC PFS",
   "report_title": "Kasiya PFS",
   "report_date": "2023-09-01",
   "source_url": "https://sovereignmetals.com.au/kasiya-project/",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "south-africa",
   "deposit": "Mogalakwena",
   "operator": "Anglo American Platinum (Valterra)",
   "commodity": "PGM (4E)",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P)",
   "ore_tonnes": "1,201.5 Mt",
   "grade": "2.95 g/t 4E",
   "contained": "114.3 Moz 4E",
   "classification": "JORC",
   "report_title": "Anglo Ore Reserves 2023",
   "report_date": "2023-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.angloamerican.com/~/media/Files/A/Anglo-American-Group-v5/PLC/investors/annual-reporting/2023/ore-reserves-and-mineral-resources-report-2023.pdf",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "tanzania",
   "deposit": "Geita",
   "operator": "AngloGold Ashanti",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P)",
   "ore_tonnes": "52.89 Mt",
   "grade": "1.91 g/t Au",
   "contained": "3.25 Moz",
   "classification": "SEC EX-96",
   "report_title": "AngloGold MRMR 2024",
   "report_date": "2024-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1973832/000162828025014876/a2024_reservesandresources.pdf",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "tanzania",
   "deposit": "North Mara",
   "operator": "Barrick",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P, attrib.)",
   "ore_tonnes": "38 Mt",
   "grade": "2.39 g/t Au",
   "contained": "2.9 Moz",
   "classification": "SEC",
   "report_title": "Barrick 2024 Reserves",
   "report_date": "2024-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.barrick.com/",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "tanzania",
   "deposit": "Bulyanhulu",
   "operator": "Barrick",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P, attrib.)",
   "ore_tonnes": "17 Mt",
   "grade": "6.96 g/t Au",
   "contained": "3.8 Moz",
   "classification": "SEC",
   "report_title": "Barrick 2024 Reserves",
   "report_date": "2024-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.barrick.com/",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "drc",
   "deposit": "Kibali",
   "operator": "Barrick/AngloGold/SOKIMO",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P, 100%)",
   "ore_tonnes": "110 Mt",
   "grade": "2.97 g/t Au",
   "contained": "11 Moz",
   "classification": "NI 43-101",
   "report_title": "Kibali NI 43-101 Technical Report",
   "report_date": "2025-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.barrick.com/",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "zambia",
   "deposit": "Kansanshi",
   "operator": "First Quantum",
   "commodity": "Copper",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P)",
   "ore_tonnes": "1,070.4 Mt",
   "grade": "0.52% Cu",
   "contained": "5.57 Mt Cu",
   "classification": "NI 43-101 AIF",
   "report_title": "FQM AIF 2024",
   "report_date": "2024-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.first-quantum.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/250327-AIF-2025-FINAL.pdf",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "zambia",
   "deposit": "Sentinel",
   "operator": "First Quantum",
   "commodity": "Copper",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P)",
   "ore_tonnes": "599.7 Mt",
   "grade": "0.42% Cu",
   "contained": "2.52 Mt Cu",
   "classification": "NI 43-101 AIF",
   "report_title": "FQM AIF 2024",
   "report_date": "2024-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.first-quantum.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/250327-AIF-2025-FINAL.pdf",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "zambia",
   "deposit": "Lumwana",
   "operator": "Barrick",
   "commodity": "Copper",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P)",
   "ore_tonnes": "1,600 Mt",
   "grade": "0.52% Cu",
   "contained": "8.3 Mt Cu",
   "classification": "SEC",
   "report_title": "Barrick 2024 Reserves",
   "report_date": "2024-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.barrick.com/",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "zimbabwe",
   "deposit": "Zimplats (MSZ)",
   "operator": "Zimplats/Implats",
   "commodity": "PGM 6E",
   "category": "Resource (M+I+I)",
   "ore_tonnes": "834 Mt",
   "grade": "3.58 g/t 6E",
   "contained": "96.0 Moz 6E",
   "classification": "SAMREC/JORC",
   "report_title": "Implats MRMR",
   "report_date": "2025-06-30",
   "source_url": "https://www.implats.co.za/",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "zimbabwe",
   "deposit": "Mimosa (MSZ)",
   "operator": "Mimosa/Implats/Sibanye",
   "commodity": "PGM 6E",
   "category": "Resource (M+I+I)",
   "ore_tonnes": "59.3 Mt",
   "grade": "3.75 g/t 6E",
   "contained": "7.1 Moz 6E",
   "classification": "SAMREC/JORC",
   "report_title": "Implats MRMR",
   "report_date": "2025-06-30",
   "source_url": "https://www.implats.co.za/",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "south-africa",
   "deposit": "Sishen",
   "operator": "Kumba/Anglo American",
   "commodity": "Iron ore",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P)",
   "ore_tonnes": "694.8 Mt",
   "grade": "53.8% Fe",
   "contained": "—",
   "classification": "SAMREC",
   "report_title": "Kumba Ore Reserve Report 2024",
   "report_date": "2024-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.angloamericankumba.com/",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "south-africa",
   "deposit": "Kolomela",
   "operator": "Kumba/Anglo American",
   "commodity": "Iron ore",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P)",
   "ore_tonnes": "115.9 Mt",
   "grade": "62.4% Fe",
   "contained": "—",
   "classification": "SAMREC",
   "report_title": "Kumba Ore Reserve Report 2024",
   "report_date": "2024-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.angloamericankumba.com/",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "botswana",
   "deposit": "Jwaneng",
   "operator": "Debswana/De Beers",
   "commodity": "Diamonds",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P)",
   "ore_tonnes": "—",
   "grade": "125.4 cpht",
   "contained": "113.2 Mct",
   "classification": "JORC",
   "report_title": "Anglo Ore Reserves Report 2023",
   "report_date": "2023-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.angloamerican.com/",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "botswana",
   "deposit": "Orapa",
   "operator": "Debswana/De Beers",
   "commodity": "Diamonds",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P)",
   "ore_tonnes": "—",
   "grade": "159.5 cpht",
   "contained": "127.2 Mct",
   "classification": "JORC",
   "report_title": "Anglo Ore Reserves Report 2023",
   "report_date": "2023-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.angloamerican.com/",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "mozambique",
   "deposit": "Montepuez",
   "operator": "Gemfields (75%)",
   "commodity": "Ruby & corundum",
   "category": "Reserve (Probable)",
   "ore_tonnes": "13.944 Mt",
   "grade": "9.9 ct/t",
   "contained": "137.5 Mct",
   "classification": "JORC",
   "report_title": "Gemfields MR&R Statement",
   "report_date": "2022-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://minedocs.com/24/Gemfields-MR-032023.pdf",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "ghana",
   "deposit": "Iduapriem",
   "operator": "AngloGold Ashanti",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P)",
   "ore_tonnes": "42.10 Mt",
   "grade": "1.33 g/t Au",
   "contained": "1.79 Moz",
   "classification": "SEC",
   "report_title": "AngloGold MRMR 2024",
   "report_date": "2024-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1973832/000162828025014876/a2024_reservesandresources.pdf",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "guinea",
   "deposit": "Siguiri",
   "operator": "AngloGold Ashanti",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P, attrib.)",
   "ore_tonnes": "76.57 Mt",
   "grade": "0.87 g/t Au",
   "contained": "2.13 Moz",
   "classification": "SEC",
   "report_title": "AngloGold MRMR 2024",
   "report_date": "2024-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1973832/000162828025014876/a2024_reservesandresources.pdf",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "mali",
   "deposit": "Sadiola",
   "operator": "Allied Gold",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P, 100%)",
   "ore_tonnes": "149.66 Mt",
   "grade": "1.45 g/t Au",
   "contained": "6.997 Moz",
   "classification": "NI 43-101",
   "report_title": "Allied Gold YE2024 Results",
   "report_date": "2024-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://alliedgold.com/",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "burkina-faso",
   "deposit": "Mana",
   "operator": "Endeavour Mining",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P)",
   "ore_tonnes": "9.7 Mt",
   "grade": "2.93 g/t Au",
   "contained": "910 koz",
   "classification": "NI 43-101",
   "report_title": "Endeavour Detailed R&R",
   "report_date": "2023-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.endeavourmining.com/",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "burkina-faso",
   "deposit": "Sanbrado",
   "operator": "West African Resources",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P)",
   "ore_tonnes": "5.0 Mt",
   "grade": "6.4 g/t Au",
   "contained": "1,030 koz",
   "classification": "JORC",
   "report_title": "WAF Ore Reserve Statement",
   "report_date": "2024-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.westafricanresources.com/",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "burkina-faso",
   "deposit": "Kiaka",
   "operator": "West African Resources",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P)",
   "ore_tonnes": "156.36 Mt",
   "grade": "0.9 g/t Au",
   "contained": "4,470 koz",
   "classification": "JORC",
   "report_title": "WAF Ore Reserve Statement",
   "report_date": "2024-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.westafricanresources.com/",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "ivory-coast",
   "deposit": "Yaouré",
   "operator": "Perseus Mining",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P)",
   "ore_tonnes": "35.2 Mt",
   "grade": "1.53 g/t Au",
   "contained": "1,730 koz",
   "classification": "JORC",
   "report_title": "Perseus MRRE",
   "report_date": "2024-06-30",
   "source_url": "https://www.perseusmining.com/",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "ivory-coast",
   "deposit": "Sissingué",
   "operator": "Perseus Mining",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P)",
   "ore_tonnes": "4.3 Mt",
   "grade": "1.82 g/t Au",
   "contained": "254 koz",
   "classification": "JORC",
   "report_title": "Perseus MRRE",
   "report_date": "2024-06-30",
   "source_url": "https://www.perseusmining.com/",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "ivory-coast",
   "deposit": "Agbaou",
   "operator": "Allied Gold",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P)",
   "ore_tonnes": "9.491 Mt",
   "grade": "1.53 g/t Au",
   "contained": "1,458 koz",
   "classification": "NI 43-101",
   "report_title": "Allied Gold YE2024",
   "report_date": "2024-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://alliedgold.com/",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "ivory-coast",
   "deposit": "Bonikro",
   "operator": "Allied Gold",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P)",
   "ore_tonnes": "11.982 Mt",
   "grade": "1.15 g/t Au",
   "contained": "1,444 koz",
   "classification": "NI 43-101",
   "report_title": "Allied Gold YE2024",
   "report_date": "2024-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://alliedgold.com/",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "south-africa",
   "deposit": "Barberton",
   "operator": "Pan African Resources",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P)",
   "ore_tonnes": "—",
   "grade": "—",
   "contained": "1.09 Moz",
   "classification": "SAMREC",
   "report_title": "Pan African FY2024 results",
   "report_date": "2024-06-30",
   "source_url": "https://www.panafricanresources.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Pan-African-Resources-year-end-results-SENS-announcement-2024.pdf",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "south-africa",
   "deposit": "Evander",
   "operator": "Pan African Resources",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P)",
   "ore_tonnes": "—",
   "grade": "—",
   "contained": "8.17 Moz",
   "classification": "SAMREC",
   "report_title": "Pan African FY2024 results",
   "report_date": "2024-06-30",
   "source_url": "https://www.panafricanresources.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Pan-African-Resources-year-end-results-SENS-announcement-2024.pdf",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator"
  },
  {
   "country": "south-africa",
   "deposit": "South Deep",
   "operator": "Gold Fields (90.181%)",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P)",
   "ore_tonnes": "174.5 Mt",
   "grade": "4.9 g/t Au",
   "contained": "27.574 Moz Au (100%)",
   "classification": "SAMREC 2016",
   "report_title": "Gold Fields Mineral Resources & Mineral Reserves Supplement to the Integrated Annual Report 2025 (South Deep, p.51)",
   "report_date": "2025-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.goldfields.com/pdf/investors/integrated-annual-reports/2025/gold-fields-mrmr-2025-supplement.pdf",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator",
   "cross_feed_note": "Cross-feed: the decision-layer deposits.json already references both the FY2024 S-K 1300 (~28.0 Moz) and the 31-Dec-2025 group supplement; this row is the FY2025 exact figure (27.574 Moz, 100%). Reconciled by vintage."
  },
  {
   "country": "ghana",
   "deposit": "Ahafo (South+North)",
   "operator": "Newmont",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Proven+Probable",
   "ore_tonnes": "146.9 Mt",
   "grade": "1.86 g/t Au",
   "contained": "8.8 Moz Au (attributable)",
   "classification": "S-K 1300",
   "report_title": "Newmont 2025 Mineral Reserves statement",
   "report_date": "2025-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.newmont.com/investors/news-release/news-details/2026/Newmont-Reports-2025-Mineral-Reserves-of-118-2-Million-Gold-Ounces-and-12-5-Million-Tonnes-of-Copper/default.aspx",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "source_class": "operator",
   "state": "Sourced"
  },
  {
   "country": "ghana",
   "deposit": "Akyem",
   "operator": "Zijin Gold International",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Proven+Probable",
   "ore_tonnes": "123 Mt",
   "grade": "1.60 g/t Au",
   "contained": "~6.33 Moz Au (197 t)",
   "classification": "JORC 2012",
   "report_title": "Zijin Gold International FY2025 results",
   "report_date": "2025-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.zijinmining.com/upload/file/2026/03/23/b282f1b639b749299a379c72d3e7b979.pdf",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "source_class": "operator",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "note": "Materially above Newmont's divestment-era statement — operator restatement carried as published, flagged for cross-check (check-46 class)"
  },
  {
   "country": "ghana",
   "deposit": "Bibiani",
   "operator": "Asante Gold",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Proven+Probable",
   "ore_tonnes": "23.75 Mt",
   "grade": "2.00 g/t Au",
   "contained": "1,527 koz Au",
   "classification": "NI 43-101",
   "report_title": "Asante Bibiani/Chirano R&R update",
   "report_date": "2025-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/08/05/3339173/0/en/Asante-Updates-M-I-Resource-to-4-6-Million-Ounces-at-Bibiani-and-Chirano-Gold-Mines.html",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "source_class": "operator",
   "state": "Sourced"
  },
  {
   "country": "ghana",
   "deposit": "Chirano",
   "operator": "Asante Gold",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Proven+Probable",
   "ore_tonnes": "23.69 Mt",
   "grade": "1.71 g/t Au",
   "contained": "1,303 koz Au",
   "classification": "NI 43-101",
   "report_title": "Asante Bibiani/Chirano R&R update",
   "report_date": "2025-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/08/05/3339173/0/en/Asante-Updates-M-I-Resource-to-4-6-Million-Ounces-at-Bibiani-and-Chirano-Gold-Mines.html",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "source_class": "operator",
   "state": "Sourced"
  },
  {
   "country": "ghana",
   "deposit": "Edikan",
   "operator": "Perseus Mining",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Proven+Probable",
   "ore_tonnes": "29.7 Mt",
   "grade": "1.03 g/t Au",
   "contained": "0.98 Moz Au",
   "classification": "JORC 2012",
   "report_title": "Perseus R&R statement (ASX)",
   "report_date": "2025-06-30",
   "source_url": "https://announcements.asx.com.au/asxpdf/20250821/pdf/06n4mfxww42qh9.pdf",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "source_class": "operator",
   "state": "Sourced"
  },
  {
   "country": "mali",
   "deposit": "Fekola Complex",
   "operator": "B2Gold (80%)",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Probable",
   "ore_tonnes": "47.7 Mt",
   "grade": "1.76 g/t Au",
   "contained": "2.70 Moz Au",
   "classification": "NI 43-101",
   "report_title": "B2Gold R&R tables",
   "report_date": "2025-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.b2gold.com/operations-projects/overview/default.aspx",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "source_class": "operator",
   "state": "Sourced"
  },
  {
   "country": "mali",
   "deposit": "Syama",
   "operator": "Resolute Mining (80%)",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Proven+Probable",
   "ore_tonnes": "50.123 Mt",
   "grade": "2.4 g/t Au",
   "contained": "3.885 Moz Au",
   "classification": "JORC 2012",
   "report_title": "Resolute Ore Reserve & Mineral Resource statement",
   "report_date": "2025-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.rml.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/RSG-ASX-Ore-Reserve-and-Mineral-Resource-Dec-2025.pdf",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "source_class": "operator",
   "state": "Sourced"
  },
  {
   "country": "burkina-faso",
   "deposit": "Sanbrado (incl. Toega)",
   "operator": "West African Resources",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Proven+Probable",
   "ore_tonnes": "~25.2 Mt",
   "grade": "var (M1S UG 6.4 g/t)",
   "contained": "~2.02 Moz Au",
   "classification": "JORC 2012",
   "report_title": "WAF R&R update (ASX)",
   "report_date": "2024-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://wcsecure.weblink.com.au/pdf/WAF/02975553.pdf",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "source_class": "operator",
   "state": "Sourced"
  },
  {
   "country": "ivory-coast",
   "deposit": "Assafou",
   "operator": "Endeavour Mining",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Proven+Probable",
   "ore_tonnes": "77.4 Mt",
   "grade": "1.76 g/t Au",
   "contained": "4,379 koz Au",
   "classification": "JORC",
   "report_title": "Endeavour reserves & resources",
   "report_date": "2025-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.endeavourmining.com/our-portfolio/reserves-and-resources/",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "source_class": "operator",
   "state": "Sourced"
  },
  {
   "country": "ivory-coast",
   "deposit": "Séguéla",
   "operator": "Fortuna Mining",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Proven+Probable",
   "ore_tonnes": "16.0 Mt",
   "grade": "3.01 g/t Au",
   "contained": "1.54 Moz Au",
   "classification": "CIM 2014",
   "report_title": "Fortuna reserve update news release",
   "report_date": "2025-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://s23.q4cdn.com/175719177/files/doc_news/Fortuna-Expands-Mineral-Reserve-Gold-Ounces-by-31-and-Extends-Life-of-Mine-to-Over-9-Years-at-the-Sgula-Mine-Cte-dIvoire-2026.pdf",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "source_class": "operator",
   "state": "Sourced"
  },
  {
   "country": "senegal",
   "deposit": "Mako",
   "operator": "Resolute Mining (90%)",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Proven+Probable",
   "ore_tonnes": "12.972 Mt",
   "grade": "1.1 g/t Au",
   "contained": "467 koz Au",
   "classification": "JORC 2012",
   "report_title": "Resolute ORMR statement",
   "report_date": "2025-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.rml.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/RSG-ASX-Ore-Reserve-and-Mineral-Resource-Dec-2025.pdf",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "source_class": "operator",
   "state": "Sourced"
  },
  {
   "country": "guinea",
   "deposit": "Bankan",
   "operator": "Predictive Discovery",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Probable",
   "ore_tonnes": "51.6 Mt",
   "grade": "1.78 g/t Au",
   "contained": "2.95 Moz Au",
   "classification": "JORC 2012",
   "report_title": "Bankan DFS (ASX announcement)",
   "report_date": "2025-06-25",
   "source_url": "https://announcements.asx.com.au/asxpdf/20250625/pdf/06l2fkzgfks0gd.pdf",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "source_class": "operator",
   "state": "Sourced"
  },
  {
   "country": "tanzania",
   "deposit": "Nyanzaga",
   "operator": "Perseus Mining",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Proven+Probable",
   "ore_tonnes": "52.0 Mt",
   "grade": "1.40 g/t Au",
   "contained": "2.3 Moz Au",
   "classification": "JORC 2012",
   "report_title": "Perseus R&R statement (ASX)",
   "report_date": "2025-06-30",
   "source_url": "https://announcements.asx.com.au/asxpdf/20250821/pdf/06n4mfxww42qh9.pdf",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "source_class": "operator",
   "state": "Sourced"
  },
  {
   "country": "namibia",
   "deposit": "Otjikoto",
   "operator": "B2Gold (90%)",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Probable",
   "ore_tonnes": "1.2 Mt",
   "grade": "2.33 g/t Au",
   "contained": "90 koz Au",
   "classification": "NI 43-101",
   "report_title": "B2Gold R&R tables",
   "report_date": "2025-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.b2gold.com/operations-projects/overview/default.aspx",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "source_class": "operator",
   "state": "Sourced"
  },
  {
   "country": "namibia",
   "deposit": "Langer Heinrich",
   "operator": "Paladin Energy (75%)",
   "commodity": "Uranium",
   "category": "Proven+Probable",
   "ore_tonnes": "80.4 Mt",
   "grade": "437 ppm U3O8",
   "contained": "77.5 Mlb U3O8",
   "classification": "JORC/ASX",
   "report_title": "Paladin Annual Information Form (ASX)",
   "report_date": "2025-06-30",
   "source_url": "https://announcements.asx.com.au/asxpdf/20250915/pdf/06p6dlc19w10y9.pdf",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "source_class": "operator",
   "state": "Sourced"
  },
  {
   "country": "namibia",
   "deposit": "Twin Hills",
   "operator": "Osino Resources (now Yintai)",
   "commodity": "Gold",
   "category": "Proven+Probable",
   "ore_tonnes": "64.51 Mt",
   "grade": "1.03 g/t Au",
   "contained": "2.12 Moz Au",
   "classification": "NI 43-101",
   "report_title": "Twin Hills DFS",
   "report_date": "2023-05-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2023/06/12/2686152/0/en/Osino-Announces-Definitive-Feasibility-Study-Results-for-Twin-Hills-Gold-Project-Namibia-US-742m-Pre-Tax-NPV-34-IRR-2-2-Year-Payback.html",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "source_class": "operator",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "note": "Last public primary; post-acquisition update not yet published"
  },
  {
   "country": "botswana",
   "deposit": "Khoemacau",
   "operator": "MMG",
   "commodity": "Copper-Silver",
   "category": "Ore Reserve",
   "ore_tonnes": "50 Mt",
   "grade": "1.8% Cu, 22 g/t Ag",
   "contained": "~900 kt Cu",
   "classification": "JORC",
   "report_title": "MMG Mineral Resources & Ore Reserves 2025",
   "report_date": "2025-06-30",
   "source_url": "https://www.mmg.com/content/uploads/2026/03/Mineral-Resources-Ore-Reserves-Statement-2025.pdf",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "source_class": "operator",
   "state": "Sourced"
  },
  {
   "country": "botswana",
   "deposit": "Motheo",
   "operator": "Sandfire Resources",
   "commodity": "Copper-Silver",
   "category": "Proven+Probable",
   "ore_tonnes": "42.4 Mt",
   "grade": "0.9% Cu",
   "contained": "381 kt Cu + 18.4 Moz Ag",
   "classification": "JORC 2012",
   "report_title": "Motheo consolidated MROR update (ASX)",
   "report_date": "2024-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.marketindex.com.au/data-api/api/v1/announcements/XASX:SFR:6A1280579/pdf/inline/motheo-consolidated-mineral-resources-ore-reserves-update",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "source_class": "operator",
   "state": "Sourced"
  },
  {
   "country": "botswana",
   "deposit": "Karowe",
   "operator": "Lucara Diamond",
   "commodity": "Diamond",
   "category": "Proven+Probable",
   "ore_tonnes": "37.3 Mt",
   "grade": "12.2 cpht",
   "contained": "4.547 Mct",
   "classification": "NI 43-101",
   "report_title": "Karowe UG FS / R&R statement",
   "report_date": "2025-09-30",
   "source_url": "https://lucaradiamond.com/operations/karowe-mine/reserves-and-resources/",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "source_class": "operator",
   "state": "Sourced"
  },
  {
   "country": "south-africa",
   "deposit": "Venetia",
   "operator": "De Beers (Anglo American)",
   "commodity": "Diamond",
   "category": "Proven+Probable",
   "ore_tonnes": "78.2 Mt",
   "grade": "77.1 cpht",
   "contained": "60.3 Mct",
   "classification": "SAMREC",
   "report_title": "Anglo American Ore Reserves & Mineral Resources 2025",
   "report_date": "2025-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.angloamerican.com/~/media/Files/A/Anglo-American-Group-v9/PLC/investors/annual-reporting/2025/anglo-american-ore-reserves-and-mineral-resources-report-2025.pdf",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "source_class": "operator",
   "state": "Sourced"
  },
  {
   "country": "south-africa",
   "deposit": "Two Rivers",
   "operator": "ARM (54%) / Implats (46%)",
   "commodity": "PGM (4E & 6E)",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P)",
   "ore_tonnes": "65.24 Mt (UG2 64.89 + Merensky 0.35)",
   "grade": "2.69 g/t 4E / 3.24 g/t 6E (UG2)",
   "contained": "6.75 Moz 6E (3.07 Moz Pt) UG2 + 0.02 Moz 6E Merensky stockpile = 6.77 Moz 6E (100% basis)",
   "classification": "SAMREC 2016",
   "report_title": "ARM Mineral Resources & Mineral Reserves Report 2025 (Two Rivers UG2 & Merensky, p.26)",
   "report_date": "2025-06-30",
   "source_url": "https://arm.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/ARM-MRR-Report-2025_Interactive-1.pdf",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "source_class": "operator",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "note": "Corrects prior register value (3.1 Moz 6E, which matched Pt Moz not 6E). 4E=Pt+Pd+Rh+Au; 6E adds Ir+Ru. LoM 21 years.",
   "cross_feed_note": "Cross-feed: also carried in the decision-layer deposits.json (dossier-grade). This row is the FY2025 (30-Jun-2025) SAMREC figure; confirm the decision-layer vintage on the next emitter pass."
  },
  {
   "country": "mauritania",
   "deposit": "Guelb Moghrein",
   "operator": "First Quantum Minerals",
   "commodity": "Copper-Gold",
   "category": "Proven+Probable",
   "ore_tonnes": "1.4 Mt",
   "grade": "0.80% Cu, 0.65 g/t Au",
   "contained": "~11 kt Cu",
   "classification": "NI 43-101",
   "report_title": "FQM Annual Information Form 2025",
   "report_date": "2024-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://www.first-quantum.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/250327-AIF-2025-FINAL.pdf",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "source_class": "operator",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "note": "Near end-of-life; ownership-percentage divergence between FQM surfaces flagged"
  },
  {
   "country": "malawi",
   "deposit": "Kayelekera",
   "operator": "Lotus Resources (85%)",
   "commodity": "Uranium",
   "category": "Ore Reserve",
   "ore_tonnes": "15.9 Mt",
   "grade": "660 ppm U3O8",
   "contained": "23.0 Mlb U3O8",
   "classification": "JORC 2012",
   "report_title": "Lotus quarterly report (ASX; reserve restated)",
   "report_date": "2026-01-29",
   "source_url": "https://announcements.asx.com.au/asxpdf/20260129/pdf/06vp7yzv6xwkr0.pdf",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "source_class": "operator",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "note": "Reserve vintage Jul 2022 (restated); Dec 2024 MRE 42.5 Mt @ 500 ppm = 46.3 Mlb"
  },
  {
   "country": "madagascar",
   "deposit": "Toliara (Vara Mada)",
   "operator": "Energy Fuels",
   "commodity": "Mineral sands + monazite REE",
   "category": "Proven+Probable",
   "ore_tonnes": "904 Mt",
   "grade": "6.1% THM (1.9% monazite in THM)",
   "contained": "55 Mt THM",
   "classification": "NI 43-101 / S-K 1300",
   "report_title": "Vara Mada (Toliara) Feasibility Study",
   "report_date": "2025-06-30",
   "source_url": "https://www.energyfuels.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/FS-Vara-Mada-Project-Report-NI43-101-FINAL-01.07.2026.pdf",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "source_class": "operator",
   "state": "Sourced"
  },
  {
   "country": "drc",
   "deposit": "Kipushi",
   "operator": "Ivanhoe Mines / Gécamines",
   "commodity": "Zinc-Copper",
   "category": "Proven+Probable",
   "ore_tonnes": "10.81 Mt",
   "grade": "31.9% Zn",
   "contained": "3,445 kt Zn",
   "classification": "NI 43-101",
   "report_title": "Kipushi 2022 Feasibility Study",
   "report_date": "2022-02-14",
   "source_url": "https://ivanhoemines.com/site/assets/files/5463/kipushi_2022_feasibility_study_february_14-_2022.pdf",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "source_class": "operator",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "note": "Data-layer only per Great Lakes rule"
  },
  {
   "country": "zimbabwe",
   "deposit": "Unki",
   "operator": "Valterra Platinum (100%)",
   "commodity": "PGM (4E)",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P)",
   "ore_tonnes": "45.7 Mt",
   "grade": "3.25 g/t 4E",
   "contained": "4.8 Moz 4E (148 t)",
   "classification": "SAMREC 2016",
   "report_title": "Valterra Platinum Ore Reserves & Mineral Resources 2025 (Zimbabwe Main Sulphide Zone / Unki), IR p.92",
   "report_date": "2025-12-31",
   "source_url": "https://reports.valterraplatinum.com/25/downloads/vp-iar-2025-ore-reserves-mineral-resources.pdf",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator",
   "note": "Zimbabwe Ore Reserve reported by Valterra = the Unki mine (its only Zimbabwean operation, Great Dyke MSZ). 4E=Pt+Pd+Rh+Au. Exclusive Mineral Resources (M+I) 120.7 Mt @ 4.11 g/t 4E = 15.9 Moz 4E."
  },
  {
   "country": "gabon",
   "deposit": "Moanda (Comilog)",
   "operator": "Eramet / Comilog (~63.7%)",
   "commodity": "Manganese",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P)",
   "ore_tonnes": "250 Mdmt (in situ, dry)",
   "grade": "44.0% Mn (saleable product)",
   "contained": "71 Mt Mn content (179 Mwmt saleable product @ 44.0% Mn)",
   "classification": "JORC 2012",
   "report_title": "Eramet Universal Registration Document 2025 §1.3.2 — Ore Reserves of Comilog SA (as at 1 Jan 2026)",
   "report_date": "2026-01-01",
   "source_url": "https://www.eramet.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/2026-Eramet-URD-2025-EN.pdf",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator",
   "note": "Mn cut-off (rocky fraction) >=30%; 22-year mining sequence from 1 Jan 2026. Reported 100% basis. Proven 103 Mdmt + Probable 147 Mdmt = 250 Mdmt.",
   "cross_feed_note": "Cross-feed: the decision-layer deposits.json cites ~250 Mt marketable ore for Moanda; this row is the Eramet URD 2025 Ore Reserve (250 Mdmt in situ / 179 Mwmt saleable / 71 Mt Mn content, as at 1 Jan 2026). Basis differs (in-situ vs marketable) — reconcile framing on the emitter pass."
  },
  {
   "country": "senegal",
   "deposit": "Grande Côte (GCO)",
   "operator": "Eramet / Grande Côte Opérations (90%)",
   "commodity": "Mineral sands (zircon, ilmenite, rutile, leucoxene)",
   "category": "Reserve (P+P)",
   "ore_tonnes": "781 Mdmt sands",
   "grade": "1.54% HM",
   "contained": "12.0 Mdmt heavy minerals",
   "classification": "JORC 2012",
   "report_title": "Eramet Universal Registration Document 2025 §1.3.5 — Ore Reserves of Grande Côte Opérations (as at 1 Jan 2026)",
   "report_date": "2026-01-01",
   "source_url": "https://www.eramet.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/2026-Eramet-URD-2025-EN.pdf",
   "provenance": "operator-primary",
   "licence": "Operator technical report / regulatory filing — cited with attribution",
   "state": "Sourced",
   "source_class": "operator",
   "note": "Senegal state 10%. 14-year mining sequence (3 fewer than 2025 after model + price update). No cut-off within dredge path (all sand recovered). Proven 604 + Probable 177 = 781 Mdmt sands."
  }
 ]
}